AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025 PDF

This code covers welding fabrication requirements applicable to welded highway bridges. The code is applicable to both shop and field fabrication of steel bridges and bridge components. The code is to be used in conjunction with the applicable AASHTO design specifications (AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges or AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications).

The code is not intended to be used for the following:

(1) Steels with a minimum specified yield strength greater than 690 MPa [100 ksi]

(2) Pressure vessels or pressure piping

(3) Base metals other than carbon or low-alloy steels

(4) Structures composed of structural tubing

Fabrication of structures or components not specifically addressed by this code shall be performed in conformance with contract documents or in conformance with the written directives of the Engineer who may choose to reference an alternate applicable welding standard.

The fundamental premise of the code is to provide general stipulations applicable to any routine bridge situation. Acceptance criteria for production welds different from those described in the code may be used for a particular application, provided they are suitably documented by the proposer and approved by the Engineer.

Such alternate acceptance criteria may be based on the evaluation of suitability for service using past experience, experimental evidence, or engineering analysis considering material type, service load effects, and environmental factors.

The term Engineer as used in this code shall mean the State Bridge Engineer or the Bridge Engineer’s designated representative. The Engineer acts on behalf of the State or Owner and unless otherwise specified, shall be the Owner’s official representative. All references to acceptance or approval shall mean acceptance or approval by the Engineer.

The term Contractor as used in this code indicates the party responsible for performing the work as required by the contract documents. The term Contractor is used collectively to mean contractor, manufacturer, fabricator, erector, or other party performing the work.

AWS D1.8/D1.8M:2025 PDF

The provisions of this code supplement the provisions of AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Structural Welding Code—Steel, and shall apply to the design, fabrication, quality control, and quality assurance of welded joints designed in conformance with AISC 341, Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. All provisions of AWS D1.1/D1.1M for statically loaded structures shall apply to the designated welds, except as specifically modified herein.

AWS D16.4M/D16.4:2025 PDF

This standard provides requirements for the qualification of robotic arc welding personnel. This standard does not prevent a manufacturer, fabricator, or contractor from continuing to qualify robotic welding personnel according to other standards.

Qualification is limited to those performance variables provided in Tables 1 through 4 in this standard. There are three different levels in which qualification can be achieved. The three levels and acronyms are Level 1–Certified Robotic and Automated Welding Associate Technician (CRAW-AT), Level 2–Certified Robotic and Automated Welding Technician (CRAW-T), and Level 3–Certified Robotic and Automated Welding Engineer (CRAW-Eng).

AWS G2.5/G2.5M:2025 PDF

This guide provides information on welding processes and procedures recommended for use in zirconium fabrication. The document presents detailed and up-to-date technical information on the best practices to allow first time fabricators of zirconium as well as established fabricators to join zirconium parts into high quality components.

Although this guide is not written with mandatory requirements, mandatory language, such as the use of “shall,” will be found in those portions of the document where failure to follow the instructions or procedures could produce inferior, misleading, or unsafe results.

AWS A5.23/A5.23M:2025 PDF

This specification prescribes requirements for the classification of solid and composite carbon steel, low-alloy steel, and high manganese steel electrodes and flux-electrode combinations for submerged arc welding (SAW). This specification covers low-alloy and high manganese electrodes and low-alloy and high manganese multiple-pass flux-electrode classifications. This specification also addresses carbon steel, low-alloy steel, and high manganese steel two-run flux-electrode classifications. The multiple-pass classification of flux-electrode combinations for carbon steel SAW is not within the scope of this specification, but is covered in AWS A5.17/A5.17M.

This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way when referring to weld metal properties. The specification with the designation A5.23 uses U.S. Customary Units. The specification A5.23M uses SI Units. The latter are shown within brackets [ ], in appropriate columns in tables and figures and in paragraphs numbered with an “M” suffix. Standard dimensions based on either system may be used for the sizing of electrodes, packaging, or both under specification A5.23 or A5.23M.

Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health information is provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein. Some safety and health information can be found in Annex A Clauses A5 and A11. Safety and health information is available from the following sources:

American Welding Society:

(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets

(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS website

Material or Equipment Manufacturers:

(1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers

(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers

Applicable Regulatory Agencies

Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when developing the safety program.

AWS J1.3/J1.3M:2020 PDF

This standard addresses common copper alloy and composite materials employed in the manufacture of resistance welding electrodes, resistance welding dies, and related components such as adapters, holders, and structural components of the welding circuit.

This standard addresses bar, rod (straight lengths and coils), plate, and casting forms of select materials. The standard does not address material in sheet form.

The standard does not include all copper and copper base materials that may be applied in the construction of resistance welding machines or tooling. Examples of materials not currently covered are: electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper, brass, and bronze.

Unique, specialized, and new materials exist in domestic and international marketplaces and their absence here should not be interpreted as a commentary on their suitability for a particular application.

AWS NAVSEA B2.1-1-303 PDF

The data to support this Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) have been derived from the above listed Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs), which were reviewed and validated under the auspices of the AWS B2G Subcommittee on Procedure Qualification Records. This SWPS-N is not valid using conditions and variables outside the ranges listed. The American Welding Society and Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) consider that this SWPS-N presents information for producing an acceptable weld using the conditions and variables listed. This procedure is intended to be used for groove and fillet welds. The user needs a significant knowledge of welding and accepts full responsibility for the performance of the weld and for providing the engineering capability, qualified personnel, and proper equipment to implement this SWPS-N.

AWS NAVSEA B2.1-1-313 PDF

The data to support this Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Naval Applications (SWPS-N) have been derived from the above listed Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs), which were reviewed and validated under the auspices of the AWS B2G Subcommittee on Procedure Qualification Records. This SWPS-N is not valid using conditions and variables outside the ranges listed. The American Welding Society and Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) consider that this SWPS-N presents information for producing an acceptable weld using the conditions and variables listed. This procedure is intended to be used for groove and fillet welds. The user needs a significant knowledge of welding and accepts full responsibility for the performance of the weld and for providing the engineering capability, qualified personnel, and proper equipment to implement this SWPS-N.

AWS B2.1-1-204 PDF

The data to support this Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) have been derived from the above listed Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs), which were reviewed and validated under the auspices of the Welding Research Council. This SWPS is not valid using conditions and variables outside the ranges listed. The American Welding Society considers that this SWPS presents information for producing an acceptable weld using the conditions and variables listed. The user needs a significant knowledge of welding and accepts full responsibility for the performance of the weld and for providing the engineering capability, qualified personnel, and proper equipment to implement this SWPS.

AWS D17.2/D17.2M:2019 PDF

This specification covers requirements for resistance spot and seam welding of the following metals and their alloys.

Material Groups

Group 1—Aluminum and magnesium

Group 2—Steel, nickel, and cobalt

Group 3—Titanium

Classification. Classification is based on the following:

Class A—A welded joint, whose failure during any operating condition would cause loss of the equipment or system or one of its major components.

Class B—A welded joint whose failure would reduce the overall strength of the equipment or system or limit the intended functioning or use of equipment.

Class C—A welded joint for which no stress analysis is required and whose failure would not affect the performance of the equipment or system.